How Have Gender Identities Changed in the Last One Hundred...

How have gender identities changed in the last one hundred years. Discuss the processes that have made this transformation possible? Over the last 100 years, a lot has changed, especially within society. Laws have changed, policies have been introduced and conflict has been stopped. Not only has the above changed, but also the way in which society accepts and looks upon the population has greatly changed too. One key change that has been made is how the identities of genders have adapted. Society has become a lot more accepting within the last century, especially when considering race and sexuality. The identity of people in societies are now more accepted and understood. But what is identity? The term identity has many different meanings†¦show more content†¦The most comment identity of a female is to be cleanly kept, well presented and at the time a primary carer of the family. During the war this was almost completely altered; changing the identities in a way that could be deemed wrong. The cultural identities of women have also changed significantly as stated in an article from Salford City Council website. Women are now more often than not allowed free choice in who they marry. Whereas 100 years ago there was a very high percentage of forced marriages. A forced marriage is where neither party consent to marriage. The BBC-Ethics website say a forced marriage is a ‘feeling’. In 2007 a Forced Marriages act was passed. This enabled court action to be taken, allowing women and men to protect and fight for their identities. However despite this in 2009 there was still an astonishing amount of forced marriages in and around Europe. Acts like this were put in place in order to help people protect not change their identities, however it is important to recognise that identities are changed due to the attempt at stopping such situations. Both women and men are allowed the freedom of choice affecting their independency, and in turn their identity. The mass media is another source that has contributed to changes in the identities of gender; especially among the younger generations; teenagers. In the media over the last 50 years, certain images have been portrayed as the ‘correct’ image to have; moreShow MoreRelatedPerception Of Sexuality And Identity With A Special Focus On Transgender And Transsexuals1131 Words   |  5 PagesTITLE: Perception Of Sexuality And Identity With A Special Focus On Transgender And Transsexuals INTRODUCTION: Sexuality can be primarily defined as an individual’s â€Å"capacity for sexual feelings† (OpenStax College, 2012. Pp. 270). On the other hand identity, in this case, gender identity is â€Å"a person’s self-conception of being either male or female based on his or her association with the feminine of masculine gender roles† (OpenStax College, 2012. Pp. 262). 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In Cherrie Moraga’s Loving in the War Years, the chapter entitled â€Å"From a Long Line of Vendidas† teaches that patriarch society negatively influences the way women feel about themselves, thus influencing the way women relate to each other. This cultural environment perpetuates gender hierarchy by both ruining the self-image of women and placing women in discord, thereby making the unification and liberation ofRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1725 Words   |  7 Pages lush landscapes in hundreds of different shades of green, with copious amounts of peace and tranquility. Gender equality, however, is something that seems to be left out of the typical picture of the ‘perfect society’. It is ironi c that in the nation where ‘all men are created equal’, there are so many restricting gender roles woven intricately into society, and from those restrictions come discriminations based solely on the gender of another human being. Gender roles have been suffocating sevenRead MoreCultural Experiences And Ideas That Can Be Represented By Digital Media Through Digital Culture Projects1749 Words   |  7 PagesReflecting on oneself and identifying different characteristics that make us stand out in our community plays an important role in how one views their community. Ethnography is all about the study of human behavior within a culture and that is exactly what people do when they recognize the differences between communities and cultures. After a person is able to recognize where they see themselves in society then they are able to distinguish the different cultures that surround them. When talkingRead MoreGender Roles Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Gender Roles Written Paper #1 Rory Muskin SOC101C15 Kristin Grant Abstract Assignment Instructions After watching the films, write a response paper (4-5 paragraphs) based upon on the following questions: 1) Are the differences between boys and girls based upon biology, or are they just social constructions? Include educational material to support the position. 2) How could children learning specific roles for boys and girls be harmful to societyRead MoreThe Romantic Era to Present802 Words   |  3 PagesHumanities: The Romantic Era to Present Less than Men Are men and women equal? Women were and still are the most stereotypical human beings. Women’s have been viewed from the view point of being the most beautiful creation, to being fragile, weak and pretty much useless. Women were said to belong at homes. They were to become housewives, to become nurses, people takers, and only good for house works. 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While many champions of a movement start out with good intentions they still usually fall victim to the political machine, and its vices. Politics is the last line of defense for righting society’s wrongs, but the division of what is right, and what one thinks is right for them is closingRead MoreI Remember That Day Like It Was Yesterday1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough her cell phone and billowing smoke out of her body and into the exhaust fan. The next thing that happened changed everything. She called me into the restroom and asked me the question I knew would come one day, but I had never expected it to come so soon. Like Charles Pierce, an American sportswriter, once said, â €Å"I’d rather be black than gay because when you’re black you don’t have to tell your mother.† I had just finished eating the leftovers from the night before, so the smell of pasta and

Financial Analysis Of Nz Transport Essay - 1140 Words

Financial Analysis of NZ Transport Introduction: The assignment is all about NZ transport Limited focusing on their profit and loss and how to be able to grow in the competitive environment of year 2011 and 2012. The Chief Financial Officer of NZ transport, Peter Parker, approached to discuss about the company’s problem on each department. He wished also to discuss about the possible recommendations for the future business growth of the company. Along with the discussion he provided important financial statements that can be used for this report. 1) Gross profit margin for 2011- = (Gross profit/net sales) * 100 = (90000/155000) * 100 = 58 % Nz transport has higher profit margin in comparison to industry margin. Gross profit margin for 2012- = (Gross profit/net sales) * 100 = (77000/175000) * 100 = 44 % Interpretation-Nz transport has higher profit margin in comparison to industry margin.IN 2012,The gross profit margin is down in comparison to year 2011.becuase of sales are come down .gross profit margin is calculated the profitability ratio which measure how much revenue after paying the cost of good sold. 2) Net profit margin of 2011- = (Net profit à · Sales) Ãâ€"100 = (44500/155000) * 100 = 28.70 % Nz transport has higher net profit margin in comparison to industry margin. Net profit margin of 2012- = (Net profit à · Sales) Ãâ€"100 = (23298/175000) * 100Show MoreRelatedEssay about Strategic Management - Air NZ external analysis1549 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿External Analysis An external analysis will be done for Air New Zealand using the strategic tools such as PEST analysis and Porter’s Five Forces aiming to identify key strategic issues which will affect the profitability of the company. The analysis will be based on these two categories: the General environment which centralise on the company’s future among other competitors and the Industry environment which centralise on situations and circumstances which will affect the operation of Air NewRead MoreAir New Zealand Marketing Strategy3382 Words   |  14 Pagesinternational and domestic transport services to 48 destinations. Focus cities include Wellington International Airport, Christchurch International Airport, and Los Angeles International Airport. â€Å"Air New Zealand also encompasses business units providing engineering and ground handling services. Subsidiaries extend to booking systems, travel wholesaling and retailing services.† (Air New Zealand, 2008). Market Analysis: Market Demand: In February 2008, it was reported that Air NZ had a strong load factorsRead MoreThe Role Of Conceptual Framework And Accounting Standards Essay2075 Words   |  9 Pagesof regulating external financial reporting and why it is necessary; the role of conceptual framework and accounting standards in external financial reporting; accounting standards that are relevant for the presentation and disclosure of the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income that is disclosed in the Mainfreight Annual Report, and also management judgement and estimates and issues that can arise when used to disclose items. 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Information Technology Strategy and Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInformation Technology Strategy and Management for Telstra. Answer: Following are the most important challenges for the organisation Telstra which is the largest telecommunication company in Australia. The challenges are given in the following ion the descending order. Retail revenue: Telstra Retail, which gives broadcast communications items, administrations and answers for singular clients and little to medium estimated organizations, saw pay fall by 5.6%. Indeed, even subsequent to barring the administrative changes that hurt the expenses it charges adversaries for access to its system pay slid by 1.8%. This is a market that Telstra needs to develop to support profit in a post NBN world. Falling sales: Due to the introduction of new technologies the main selling of Telstra is decreasing to a lot extent. Mobile revenue is a problem: It is a realized that settled communication is antiquated. What is stressing for Telstra is falling income from its portable business. Portable income diminished by 8.7% (barring the administrative effect, it fell 2.4%) in the a half year finished December 31 from the earlier year. While it prodded to $5 billion from $4.9 billion six months sooner, it is as yet far from where it was a year sooner. Not manage with changing technologies: There are several new technologies have been introduced and implemented by several new organisations in the telecommunication industry. The main concept related to the main system is that Competition from different telecommunication company: There are several new telecommunication companies growing up in Australia and as well as throughout the world which are providing a much faster connection to people I a cheaper rate. Improve customer advocacy: The customer satisfaction is given the highest priority. Drive value from the core: The future scope of several projects and the communication with the other customers are given the highest priority by the organisations. Building new growth businesses: New projects and plans are designed in order to increase the gowth of the company. Provide best telecommunication connection: The primary aim is always related to provide the best connection. Creating long term shareholder value: The ultimate growth of the company is shown in terms of the shareholders value which should be increased with respect to the time. Use Porters five forces model to assess the impact of IT in Telstra. Where do you see the balance of power? There are five forces or factors in the Porters model which basically refers to the equilibrium of the system. Those are the threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes and the bargaining power of the buyers and the bargaining power of the suppliers and the other factor is the industrial rivalry.Among these factors the threat of new entrants and the threats of substitutes are opposite to ach other. The bargaining of the of the suppliers and the nuyers are also opposite to each other. Information technology can provide many facilities to the present issues of Telstra by utilising the cloud computing and big data technologies. These technologies can be used foer much more advanced and secured analysis for the betterment of the telecommunication connection. Telstra has taken lots of IT strategies like cloud computing and big data which it will implement in future for better response and security of the telecommunication syste. Many worst strategies were taken in case of Telstra which lead to a big disaster for the organisations. There were several databases were created but not properly secured (Grishin 2014). The data were not also encrypted and as a result these systems became risky for the system. They missed out to implement several strategies like the cloud computing, big data and data mining technologies which are really helpful to understand the peoples choices and to grow the telecommunication technology. This software could help this company by creating the database which can predict several factors in the business regarding the peoples choices and feedback. What top IT risks or challenges are faced by Telstra today? How can those risks or challenges be addressed or mitigated? There are several risks related to the IT applications in case of Telstra. As the IT system requires to save information from the customers and their personal data security is the main issue. There are also many chances of hacking, data loss in case of IT systems. To overcome these risk factors the data should be encrypted and the main concept is to increase the security features, like firewall and the antivirus system. References Gardiner, B., 2015. Telstra CEO: Don't be afraid of machine learning. CIO, (Spring 2015), p.8. Grishin, S., 2014. Togart Contemporary Art Award; The Telstra National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Award. Craft Arts International, (90), p.115. Moorhead, S., 2016. The Telstra Research Laboratories. Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, 4(4), p.1. Thomas, J., Barraket, J., Ewing, S., MacDonald, T., Mundell, M. and Tucker, J., 2016. Measuring Australia's digital divide: The Australian Digital Inclusion Index 2016.

Shui Fabrics free essay sample

Wants to see better economic performance, higher profits Expect more than 20% ROI, not content with 5% ROI Thinking of pulling the plug on Shui if performance does not improve Task orientated We know that globe management is more challenge for manager special joining venture. That mean managers from difference countries try to cooperation to make more profit. However, their venture is easy fail because of many reasons such as the partners have to create an international cultural intelligence which plays an important role for manager study language and learn as much as possible about the local morns, customs, beliefs, taboos. However, that information alone cannot prepare the manager for every conceivable situation. And the manager have to managing cross-culturally, the differences cultural is effect to the cooperation like human resource, leading, decision making, motivation, and controlling. Venture between Ohio-based Rocky River Industries and Shanghai Fabric Ltd. in the study case that was going to stop had reflected the cultural difference, policies disagreement, and difference in leader thinking. We will write a custom essay sample on Shui Fabrics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These issues mean that Chinese and America venturing have committed some element GLOBE project dimensions such as uncertainty avoidance, power distant, and societal collectivism.

The Farmers Revolt Essay Example

The Farmers Revolt Essay Example The Farmers Revolt Essay The Farmers Revolt Essay DBQ 13: The Farmer;s Revolt Farmers were once known for being able to do everything themselves. They grew their own food and sewed their own clothes. People often yearn for the old days and complain about so many people living in cities. Many farmers had to give up their farms and move to the cities, because of something that happened in the late nineteenth century. High prices forced farmers to concentrate on one crop. The large-scale farmers bought expensive machines, increasing their crop yield. This caused the smaller farmers to be left behind. The small farmers could no longer compete and were forced give up their farms and look for jobs in the cities. The smaller farmers who stayed blamed their troubles on banks and railroads. In the 1890;s western and southern farmers came together to make up the political party called the Populist Party. Their plan was to take control of the White House; thenthey could solve all their problems. The increase in crop yield caused a chan ge in the economy, which the party set out to straighten out in 1892.On their party platform they demanded that the government take control of the railroad. The railroad was charging extremely high prices to transport grain. They asked the government to use the railroads for the benefit of the people. They also wished to set the economy straight and asked for an unlimited coinage of gold and silver at a ratio of sixteen to one and a graduated income tax. Since the increase in crop yield, this caused overproduction, which resulted in farmers having to lower their prices greatly. In 1890 clergyman Washington Gladden wrote an article called ;The Embattled Farmers;. In it he blamed the ruin of the farmers on ;protective tariffs, trustsspeculation in farm products, over-greedy middlemen, and exorbitant transportation rates.; James Laurence Laughlin wrote an article ;Causes of Agricultural Unrest; that was pu

Hermes, God of the Word

Hermes, God of the Word Hermes, God of the Word Hermes, God of the Word By Maeve Maddox In Greek myth Hermes [hà »rmÄ“z], son of Zeus [zÃ… «s] and Maia [mÄ Ã‰â„¢, mÄ «Ã‰â„¢], was not just the patron god of thieves, merchants, and boundaries. He was also a god of science, art, speech, eloquence, and writing. Hermesson of Zeus and Maia, which is, of mind and sense. For the word is engendered from mind and sense. On account of this they also make him winged, as if to be swift. For nothing is swifter than a word. And [that is why] Homer [says] winged words. Suidas [syÃ… «Ã„ ­dÉ™s], Greek lexicographer. Hermes and the goddess Aphrodite [ÄÆ'frÉ™dÄ «tÄ“] had a son whose name is a combination of theirs: Hermaphroditos [hÉ™r-mÄÆ'frÉ™-dÄ «tÉ™s]. According to Ovid in his Metamorphoses, this son of Hermes was attacked and raped by an unconventional naiad (female nature spirit) named Salmacis. The attackers prayer that they not be parted resulted in the permanent fusion of their two bodies. Most of the stories in Metamorphoses[mÄ•tÉ™-mà ´rfÃ… -sÄ“z] are retellings of traditional tales, but Ovid probably made up the story about Salmacis [sÄÆ'l-mÄ sÄ ­s]. Another name for Hermes, or a perhaps a god derived from him, is Hermes Trismegistus[trÄ ­smÉ™-jÄ ­stÉ™s, trÄ ­z-] Hermes Thrice-blessed. This concept of Hermes was a combination of the Greek god and Thoth [thÃ… th, tÃ… t], the Egyptian god of wisdom. Various magical and alchemical writings came to be associated with Hermes Trismegistus who, it was believed, invented a magic seal to keep air out of vessels containing magical compounds. We owe several English words to Hermes: herm [hà »rm] a four-sided pillar used to mark boundaries. Sometimes it was surmounted by the head of the god. hermetic [hÉ™r-mÄ•tÄ ­k] an adjective meaning airtight or impervious to outside influences. The adverb is hermetically. The word is used both literally and figuratively: The scientist closed the flask with a hermetic seal. The survivalist compound was a a hermetic community, insulated from the world at large. hermeneutic [hà »rmÉ™-nÃ… «tÄ ­k] from Greek words meaning interpreter and to interpret. A hermeneutic approach to literature would seek meaning according to methodological principles of interpretation and explanation. hermeneutics [hà »rmÉ™-nÃ… «tÄ ­ks] from the same source as hermeneutic, deriving ultimately from Hermes in his capacity of patron of speech, writing, and eloquence. Hermeneutics is the methodological study of the Bible according to certain established principles of interpretation. Hermione [hÉ™rmÄ «Ã‰â„¢nÄ“] the feminine form of the name Hermes. hermaphrodite [hÉ™r-mÄÆ'frÉ™-dÄ «t] one sense of the word is an abnormal human being who combines male and female reproductive organs in the same body. In science, hermaphrodites are plants or animals for which it is normal for both male and female reproductive parts to exist on the same individual. By extension, hermaphrodite may be applied to inanimate objects that combines disparate parts, for example, a hermaphrodite brig. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersBail Out vs. Bale Out

Parent Power Guide to Responsible Rearing, written by Logan Wright Essay

Parent Power Guide to Responsible Rearing, written by Logan Wright - Essay Example But there is something more basic and more important that must come first. Certainly, as noted from the authored reading of Logan Wright, parenting involves a lot of issues especially in terms of developing the personality that could help one be successful in life in a young child who simply is still waiting to bud out to maturity. Whatever it is that the parents would want to imply on their children, those lessons would surely stick to the minds of the children and would thus guide them throughout their lives. Yes, this is most certainly the reason why many readers note Logan's book as the practical guide towards successful parenting procedures needed to be taken into consideration when trying to train the children towards maturity. From this reading, it is made certain that the authoritative parent is warm and involved, but is firm and consistent in establishing and enforcing guidelines, limits and expectations. Adolescents raised in such homes are higher achievers, are happier, and are therefore less likely to engage in antisocial behavior and crime. Yes rightful parenting results to better development, and better individual development leads to a better society.

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Accounting - Essay Example Consistency can only be maintained in the companies throughout, if the accounting standards are itself consistent. Even though the establishment of the accounting standards has eradicated the ambiguity to some extent but it does not provide much uniformity in the judgmental matters. The rules and principles must be given much importance in this regard as well as their application, in order to maintain the coherence of the application of the accounting standards. In addition, judgmental matters must also be dealt with great regard such that the basis is not distorted. Only the internal consistency cannot assure the consistency of the accounting standards which is because the principles do not guide the managers in judgmental matters which in the end becomes a hurdle in the coherency of the accounting standards. There is vast importance of the consistency of the Accounting standards used all over the globe. The rapid change is also resulting is ambiguity on part of the investors and other users of the financial statements which must be eradicated. â€Å"The boards have also acknowledged the need of coherence of the accounting standards as well as the accounting policies which would benefit the creditors, investors and other users of the financial statements.† (Helium, 2010) It is very necessary that all the financial statements give a familiar representation of the policies and procedures applied as well as the results reached, which would lead to the user of the financial statement to reach a better conclusion. â€Å"There is an immense need for the consistency of the accounting standard’s application in areas of revenue and expenses through internal consistency.† (Mourik) The IASB has also taken a vast initiative in this regard in order to urge the makers of the financial statements to invoke consistency in their financial statements. IFRS 8, in this regard has stated â€Å"All the entities

Monopoly Review Essay Example for Free

Monopoly Review Essay 1. What character did you choose from the available choices? Why? What are the pros and cons of choosing this character in the game? The character I pick was pat the plastic surgeon because she makes a lot of money the pros are that she makes a lot of money and the cons are that he life is work. 2. What housing and car option did you choose? Why? I pick the mansion because she makes a lot of money. 3. How much money did you allocate for the characters retirement and paying off debts? Were you successful in management the money so that the character has some disposable income? I allocated 2785 to pay off debts yes I was successful to management the money so that the character has some disposable income 4. How do the changes in the game from year to year reflect real-life economics? Changes in the game from year to year is reflect of real life economies by how money is spend from for thing here and there and you can get in debt 5. What was your ending net worth? How many years can you exist on your current salary with your current salary? My ending net worth was about 22456871135 I think it was that it was about 6 years with the salary of 75000 or something like that. 6. What do you think you did well in the game? What do you think you could improve in regards to managing the characters money? That the end I have no debt I think I did great it no being in debt I could improve is to save more money and not to spend money Play the game again, but using a different character. 7. What character did you choose for the second game? Compare and contrast the situations of the first and second characters. The first time I play tis game I got a debt free at the end of the game and I got to retire in 6 year if I save my money my hole life and the second time I played it 8. How did your strategy differ between the games? Did you change the way that you did anything? I didn’t really had a strategy thought out the game but I thought how it would change the way I look at thing thought out the game 9. Did the differing levels of income, debt, and lifestyle expenses influence the choices that you made? Why or why not? yes the differing levels of income and debt was a influence the choices that I made because of the spend of money and the people who are out there trying to get my money 10. What can you learn from this game about managing your own finances? I learn that everything you do like spending money is finances impact every on a pack of gum.

Non-Violent Nationalism and Fundamental Change :: essays research papers fc

Nationalism as a concept is defined by the formation of a distinct identity for a certain population in terms of their religion, ethnicity or class differences. This term was used to describe the rise of movements along these distinct lines. Since then the connotations of the word may have changed over time but its essential meaning has remained unchanged. The term in essence refers to two varying sentiments. Broadly speaking, the first of these is a sense of identification with a certain nation based on ethnic, cultural or religious bounds. The second is a sentiment of loyalty to the nation as defined by these ethnic, cultural and religious bound. While the first only serves as a unifying factor in most cases, the second also serves as a rallying call for mass political mobilization. This has been obvious especially in the years immediately after the Second World War during the time of the disintegration of Colonial power structures and the subsequent creation of a bipolar world. The concept of the non-violent movement was introduced to these anti-colonial movements early enough. Gandhi, the tiny, old man of Indian politics came up with the idea of a non-violent independence struggle. This was a struggle which initially rooted itself in a secular context but gradually became known as essentially being a Hindu Nationalist movement. Gandhi ¡Ã‚ ¦s initial thrust had been towards unifying Indian natives under this banner of non-violence in order to garner support for an ouster of the British from India and an overhaul of the Indian government structure. What this meant was that Gandhi was looking for a  ¡Ã‚ ¥fundamental change ¡Ã‚ ¦ in the structure and hierarchies of the Indian state. This is highlighted in his writings:  ¡Ã‚ §The state after withdrawal (of the Colonizers) will depend largely upon the manner of it. If, as you assume, they (the Colonizers) retire, it seems to me we shall still keep their constitution and shall carry on the government. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Gandhi was then visibly looking for a structural uprooting of the British / Colonial system and aimed to replace it with one more contributory to the state and, hence, less extractory in nature. This for him was the fundamental change in the system that was required for a successful transformation from a colonized to an independent state. Gandhi ¡Ã‚ ¦s method of achieving this change was through the practice of nonviolent passive resistance.  ¡Ã‚ §Passive resistance is a method of securing rights by the personal suffering; it is the reverse of resistance by arms. Non-Violent Nationalism and Fundamental Change :: essays research papers fc Nationalism as a concept is defined by the formation of a distinct identity for a certain population in terms of their religion, ethnicity or class differences. This term was used to describe the rise of movements along these distinct lines. Since then the connotations of the word may have changed over time but its essential meaning has remained unchanged. The term in essence refers to two varying sentiments. Broadly speaking, the first of these is a sense of identification with a certain nation based on ethnic, cultural or religious bounds. The second is a sentiment of loyalty to the nation as defined by these ethnic, cultural and religious bound. While the first only serves as a unifying factor in most cases, the second also serves as a rallying call for mass political mobilization. This has been obvious especially in the years immediately after the Second World War during the time of the disintegration of Colonial power structures and the subsequent creation of a bipolar world. The concept of the non-violent movement was introduced to these anti-colonial movements early enough. Gandhi, the tiny, old man of Indian politics came up with the idea of a non-violent independence struggle. This was a struggle which initially rooted itself in a secular context but gradually became known as essentially being a Hindu Nationalist movement. Gandhi ¡Ã‚ ¦s initial thrust had been towards unifying Indian natives under this banner of non-violence in order to garner support for an ouster of the British from India and an overhaul of the Indian government structure. What this meant was that Gandhi was looking for a  ¡Ã‚ ¥fundamental change ¡Ã‚ ¦ in the structure and hierarchies of the Indian state. This is highlighted in his writings:  ¡Ã‚ §The state after withdrawal (of the Colonizers) will depend largely upon the manner of it. If, as you assume, they (the Colonizers) retire, it seems to me we shall still keep their constitution and shall carry on the government. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Gandhi was then visibly looking for a structural uprooting of the British / Colonial system and aimed to replace it with one more contributory to the state and, hence, less extractory in nature. This for him was the fundamental change in the system that was required for a successful transformation from a colonized to an independent state. Gandhi ¡Ã‚ ¦s method of achieving this change was through the practice of nonviolent passive resistance.  ¡Ã‚ §Passive resistance is a method of securing rights by the personal suffering; it is the reverse of resistance by arms.

Rain- Directed by Christine Jeffs Essay

A child’s life has many milestones such as learning to walk, learning to talk and their first day at school. Throughout all these stages parents are obliged to provide guidance, safety and support for their children as they learn to interpreate the world for themselves. Christine Jeffs’ visual text, Rain explores the story of thirteen year old, Janey whose parents are so caught up in self-absorption, they neglect their parental roles to both Janey and her younger brother Jim.This up-bringing of Janey and Jim leave the audience pondering, Does the abandonment of morale parents roles shape a childs transition into adolescence? The consequences of neglecting Janey through her first steps into womanhood, ricochet on Janey’s parents, and damage her perception of the adult world eternally. From the viewer’s first introduction to Janey, a high angle shot of her floating in a starfish position, gives us a deceitful impression about this seemingly, normal carefree life of a young teenage girl. The typical sunny scenery, clear blue water and weatherboard batches sets Christine Jeffs viewers to believe that Janey is surrounded by family life and fun, sharing barbeques and summer swims at their beloved family batch. Christine Jeffs has deliberately juxta-positioned this with a shot of Janey and her mum swimming, however her mum is holding a glass of alcohol. Janey’s mother lets go of the glass, and as it begins to sink to the sea floor, a low angle shot shows Janey diving after it. This immediately leaves the viewer confused about the role model Janey is following, would a normal family allow their thirteen year old daughter to frantically chase a glass of alcohol, or would they be more concerned for their daughter’s safety in deep water? This initial establishment of Janey and her mother’s relationship reveal to the viewers that Janey is growing up under the influence of an irresponsible parent who fails to teach suitable p riorities to her young daughter. Janey is being led to believe that alcohol is desirable and should be prioritized even if detrimental obstacles are to be faced. This acceptation of alcohol becoming an idolized part of adolescence and womanhood reveal to Jeff’s audience that the inappropriate role model Janeys mum is offering her daughter is leading her towards an un-healthy road into womanhood and giving her the belief that the world is like one of her toy dolls, she can pick it up and be responsible when she feels like, or she can throw it away and hide it. Janey is curious about the next stage of her life, wanting to become a ‘woman’. All around her are clues to what this responsibility might entail, but she is left on her own to uncover if her adult role models portray adulthood appropriately.We are shown Janeys view from beside a tree of her mother kissing Cadey, a new family friend. We are then shown Janey witnessing her Mum kissing Cadey again through the bathroom door. Jeffs has deliberat ely positioned the audience to see through Janeys view of the bathroom door. This angle reveals to the audience that Janeys view of adulthood is limited, she is only exposed to the irresponsible actions of her mother, and is therefore copying an un-realistic role model. As viewers we are confused and disgusted that a married woman is being intimate with a family friend who is staying under the same family roof as her husband and two children, especially Janey who witnesses her mother’s actions and believes that being a woman means that drinking and kissing unfamiliar men at parties is normal. â€Å"It’s okay, it’s fun to kiss boys†, this quote , from Janey’s mother is an example of the inappropriate advice Janey is being given. Jeff’s viewers are positioned to see a mother, who leaves her children to their own devices, surrounded by strangers while she devotes her life to drinking and flirting with men at parties and family functions. Janey is influenced by this woman figure in her life, and meaninglessly kisses a boy of her age, before shoving him onto the floor, this is Janey’s perception of intimacy, as she has learnt from her mother and she believes her actions are meaningless and that she is in control of the consequences. The actions of Janey bewilder Jeff’s audience, as we realize that Janey is mimicking her mothers actions, however Janey does not have any true sexual desire and she is unaware of the situations she is leading herself into. Jeff’s audience begin to understand that because Janey had been left un-guided by her parents into her teenage life, she has no true understanding of how her actions will leave her vulnerable and she has no escape. Throughout the film, we are shown Janey’s feeling toward Cadey, a man who has participated in an affair with Janey’s mother, and takes advantage of Janey’s immaturity and inexperience with decision making. Cadey blatantly grooms Janey in front of her mother, making conversation with her which Janey believes she is in control of and feels special. â€Å"Would you like a drink?† Cadey offers Janey alcohol and cigarettes during a family outing on his boat, even though he knows she is only thirteen. Janey’s mu m is dissatisfied within her marriage and unaware that her self-absorption has left her oblivious to Janey’s encounters with Cadey and the obvious signs of his intentions. Later, when Janey ventures into the forest alone with Cadey we are shown a worms eye view shot, the tree height is enhanced, and as viewers we are positioned into Janey’s vulnerable situation. Janey is unaware of just how small she is and the situation she is setting herself up for with this grown man. The next shot of Janey lying in the crucifix position, naked on the forest floor is a worryingly disturbing scene for Jeff’s viewers, and outlines the vulnerability of Janey. Janey’s copycat behaviour of her mother and neglect of parental guidance throughout her stages of curiosity into womanhood from her parents has led her to tragedy. Raised by a poor decision making mother, whose own marital dissatisfaction led her to neglect her children, Janey also has to live with her poor decisions and actions with Cadey, which left her younger brother, Jim to his own devices alone at the beach resulted in him drowning. These consequences have ricocheted from Janey’s parents neglect of their roles and guiders and providers of safety to their children and Janey must now live with the catastrophic loss of her brother and horrifying entrance into womanhood due to her mis-guidance and belief that she, like her mother was in control. Janey’s limited guidance, experience and understanding of the world, left her vulnerable and exposed to predators such as Cadey, who took advantage of her parents neglect and her curiosity. Christine Jeff’s viewers are shown a tragic story of the consequences of poor parenting and decision making, and how our actions influence our younger generation. Through main character Janey, Jeff’s viewers are positioned to recognize the danger Janey and her brother are exposed to and how easy it is for our actions to be witnessed and used as a role model for others and we are left to ponder if our actions could damage the future of others who idolize their elders. Jeff’s audience are shown how through the neglect of guidance and parenting, childrens transitions into adulthood can leave them vulnerable and damaged for the rest of their lives

Animal Farm Equality

The novel being discussed is called â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell. He is an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic. His work is well known around the world for his, awareness of Social Injustice, opposition to Totalitarianism, and his commitment to Democratic Socialism. The book â€Å"Animal Farm† reflects the events that occur in real life, which leads up to the Russian Revolution of 1917. This novel is about animals throwing over the humans and ruling themselves. Napoleon and Boxer are good examples of a Leader and Follower.Napoleon is a manipulative and power Hungry leader who takes away the animal’s rights while his follower Boxer is hard working and a true believer of his leader but at the end his precious life is lost from overworking. The leader chosen to be discussed is Napoleon and according to the novel Napoleon is doing a good job but his manipulative ways is destroying the equality in the Animal Farm. He raised Jesse and Bluebells pup pies into vicious attack dogs which will help him keep power over the other animals in the farm.An example of destroying the equality in the farm is when he trades with the humans when it clearly said in the commandments that no animal shall ever trade with any human. Furthermore, according to Orwell another Commandment said that â€Å"No animal shall kill another animal† (Page 17), but Napoleon changed that to â€Å"No animal shall kill another animal without any cause. † These changes that he makes to the Commandments clearly prove that Napoleon is taking the animals equality rights away. The follower chosen to be discussed is Boxer and according to the novel Boxer is the animal that works the hardest in the farm.His motto is â€Å"I will work harder,† and he is the animal that contributes the most to all the success of the farm. He does never for even a second realize that he is being deprived of his equality by Napoleon because he always believes that Napole on is their leader and that he will never be wrong. Towards the end of the novel his lungs give in from working too hard and all the other animals watch helplessly as he is sent to his death. Boxer never realizes that his freedom is being taken away and his beliefs influence everyone else that Boxer is right and they never realize the truth.In conclusion, the power greedy leader Napoleon still rules the Animal farm with more revised commandments which take away the animal’s freedom and equality rights. According to the novel Boxer’s innocent soul is up in heaven and the Animal Farm is actually in even worse condition than it was when Mr. Jones was their master. Napoleon and his so called commanders gained so much power over the working animals that they started to misuse it and the cause to overthrow the humans and rule themselves really is for nothing because there is one leader who ruled over everyone and took their freedom from them.

How to Write Your Curriculum Vitae - CV

How to Write Your Curriculum Vitae - CV Think its too soon for you to prepare a curriculum vitae or CV? After all, youre in graduate school. Guess what? Its never too early to write a CV. A curriculum vitae or CV (and sometimes called a vita) is an academic resume that highlights your scholarly accomplishments. Although most students compose a curriculum vitae while in graduate school, consider including one in your application to graduate school. A CV provides the graduate admissions committee with a clear outline of your accomplishments so they can determine whether youre a good fit with their graduate program. Begin your curriculum vitae early and revise it as you progress through graduate school and youll find applying to academic positions after graduation a little less painful. Unlike a resume, which is one to two pages in length, a curriculum vitae grows in length throughout your academic career. What goes into a CV? Here are the types of information that a vita may contain. The contents of a CV differ across disciplines, and your vita probably will not have all of these sections yet, but at least consider each. Contact information Here, include your name, address, phone, fax, and e-mail for home and office, if applicable. Education Indicate your major, type of degree, and the date each degree was awarded for each postsecondary school attended. Eventually, youll include titles of theses or dissertations and chairs of committees. If you havent yet completed your degree, indicate the expected graduation date. Honors and Awards List each award, granting institution and the date awarded. If you have only one award (e.g., graduation honors), consider incorporating this information within the education section. Teaching Experience List any courses that you assisted with as a TA, co-taught, or taught. Note the institution, role held in each, and supervisor. This section will become more relevant during your graduate school years, but sometimes undergraduates are assigned teaching roles. Research Experience List assistantships, practica, and other research experience. Include the institution, nature of the position, duties, dates, and supervisor. Statistical and Computer Experience This section is especially relevant for research-oriented doctoral programs. List courses that youve taken, statistical and computer programs with which youre familiar, and data analysis techniques with which youre competent. Professional Experience List relevant professional experience, such as administrative work and summer jobs. Grants Awarded Include title of agency, projects for which funds were awarded, and dollar amounts. Publications Youll probably begin this section during graduate school. Eventually, youll separate publications into sections for articles, chapters, reports and other documents. Document each publication in the citation style appropriate for your discipline (i.e., APA or MLA style). Conference Presentations Similar to the section on publications, separate this category into sections for posters and papers. Use the appropriate documentation style for your discipline (i.e., APA or MLA style). Professional Activities List service activities, committee memberships, administrative work, lectures youve been invited to deliver, professional workshops youve delivered or attended, editorial activities, and any other professional activities in which youve engaged. Professional Affiliations List any professional societies with which youre affiliated (e.g., student affiliate of the American Psychological Association, or the American Psychological Society). Research Interests Briefly summarize your research interests with four to six key descriptors. This is best added during graduate school than before. Teaching Interests List courses youre prepared to teach or would like the opportunity to teach. Similar to the section on research interests, write this section towards the end of grad school. References Provide names, phone numbers, addresses, and e-mail addresses for your referees. Ask their permission beforehand. Be sure that they will speak highly of you. Present items chronologically within each category of the CV, with the most recent items first. Your curriculum vitae is a statement of your accomplishments, and most importantly, is a work in progress. Update it frequently and youll find that taking pride in your accomplishments can be a source of motivation.

Hamlet vs. Beowulf Essay Essays

Hamlet vs. Beowulf Essay Essays Hamlet vs. Beowulf Essay Essay Hamlet vs. Beowulf Essay Essay How make the supporters from Beowulf and Hamlet compare? Though both play a major function in an heroic narrative. they portion a few common point of views. The result of both narratives is greatly influenced by the chief character’s battles in life. The state of affairss that occur throughout these narratives besides impact the narrations. In add-on. the assorted characters in each work influence the protagonists’ picks and lives. Each is involved in subjects which can easy associate to those of modern twenty-four hours society. although Beowulf and Hamlet live in wholly different times. Beowulf is the ideal warrior ; he is a strong. fearless combatant and a antic leader who goes to immutable extremes to protect his people. When his state is threatened by what is thought to be an undefeatable animal named Grendel. Beowulf does the impossible and slays the monster. Hamlet. on the other manus. is non a leader like Beowulf whatsoever. Hamlet is non even a male monarch or recognized as a leader. Hamlet’s male parent was murdered. and afterwards he merely wants to travel back to school to larn. It is non until much idea and readying that he makes it his mission to hold his father’s retaliation. If Beowulf was placed in the same state of affairs. he would hold immediately killed the adult male responsible for the slaying. : From the beginning of this heroic poem verse form. Beowulf is non loved as a kid and is told he will neer be a leader. therefore giving him the motive to go one of the greatest warriors of all time. His lone fright is failure. in conflict and as a leader. He takes on such a big function as a warrior that his fellow countrymen do non see the demand to of all time fix to contend because Beowulf is all the warrior they need. This ultimately consequences in much hurting and battle when Beowulf finds himself in demand of aid. Hamlet is every bit much of an introvert as Beowulf is an extravert. Hamlet prefers to analyze alternatively of battle and learn over conflict. Hamlet’s parents love him. but his female parent is a shallow adult female who marries his uncle entirely to stay in a topographic point of power. Horatio and Hamlet keep an uneven relationship- Horatio is Hamlet’s retainer. yet he is a close friend of Hamlet’s. There are many major events in both of these narrations. but one in each stands out. In Beowulf. at the beginning of the novel he is crowned king and viewed as the leader of all. This is a major event because it puts Beowulf in a place of undivided power which seems to finally travel to his caput. Though he is an unbelievable leader. he believes that he does non and neer will necessitate any aid. which ends up being fatal. In his concluding minutes. Beowulf exclaims â€Å"To the everlasting Lord of All. to the King of Glory. I give thanks that I behold this hoarded wealth here in forepart of me. that I have been allowed to go forth my people so good endowed on the twenty-four hours I die† ( Beowulf. page 189 ) . A major turning point in Hamlet is the scene where Hamlet speaks with his father’s shade. Up until this point in the drama. Hamlet seems at easiness with his father’s decease. but after he converses with the shade he becomes ridden with retaliation. This flood tide turns the full context of the drama from Hamlet wishing to go to school to Hamlet seeking retaliation on his uncle which. likewise to Beowulf. leads to his decease. Beowulf’s character is instead luxuriant. At the beginning of the book. it is said â€Å"a boy-child was born to Shield. a greenhorn in the pace. a comfort sent by God to the nation† ( Beowulf. page 3 ) . From the beginning. Beowulf is made out to be an undefeatable hero who will halt at nil to protect his people from danger. It is easy to associate to Beowulf in the sense that he will ever lift to people’s outlooks and go on to transcend them. as supported by the text â€Å"then Halfdane’s boy presented Beowulf with a gilded criterion as a triumph gift†¦with customary grace bestowed upon Beowulf both sets of gifts† ( Beowulf. page 69 ) . But it finally comes to a point where he merely can non run into the outlooks and is left dumfounded. As Grendel’s female parent returns to take her son’s claw. she is frightened as â€Å"The hell-dam was in terror. desperate to acquire out. in mortal panic the minute she was found. she had pounced and taken one of the considerations in a tight clasp. so headed for the fen† ( Beowulf. page 91 ) . Even though the monster is scared and running off. Beowulf. merely out of pride. follows her to her place to conflict. Hamlet has no leading desire at the beginning of the drama. He merely wants to analyze and larn while his pa regulations the state. Then Claudius. his uncle. slayings his pa and after an brush with his father’s shade. Hamlet’s personality alterations ; he becomes obsessed with damages. This makes sense because choler is one of the strongest human emotions. It is an self-evident emotion. referred to as â€Å"one of the seven lifelessly wickednesss. † For Hamlet. this becomes a world as acquiring retaliation finally leads to his ain decease. A really popular quotation mark. â€Å"More than kin. less than kind† ( Hamlet. page 3 ) was originated in Hamlet when he mumbled it to his uncle. who becomes his stepfather. Beowulf and Hamlet. though composed by different writers and written in different signifiers. have battles which parallel many in the universe today. Both of the heroes are affected by emotions. the people around them. and the events that occur throughout each work. Beowulf lives in a really violent society where flagitious force is the norm ; this compares to certain parts of the universe today. such as the Mideast. He besides exemplifies the good in good versus immorality which most of the modern universe still deals with today. Beowulf fought against monsters whereas people today fight against disease and terrorist act. Hamlet’s compulsion with retaliation is non different from many populating today. Although Christians are meant to forgive their neighbours. many find this hard. We are supposed to larn from history. nevertheless. the past seems to reiterate itself more frequently than non. Even though Hamlet and Beowulf live in different epochs. their conflicts with force. good versus immorality. and retaliation still keep true today.

Memo about a recent job interview you had in nursing Assignment

Memo about a recent job interview you had in nursing - Assignment Example Occasional travel may be required for training purposes. According to Gurak and Lannon (2013), â€Å"Always create a dynamic tone with active voice.† The job required people with prior experience in nursing. It also recommended education; people with proper education are much appreciated by the Department of Health and Human Services. According to the job description the candidate has to perform several duties. Some of those duties include assessing patient care need, adjusting the staff appointments accordingly, and assessing the opportunities of improvement. It also requires the candidate/applicant to serve on committee as well as review and revise nursing policies. An applicant must also be ready to participate in problem solving, developing plans for the care of patients, and to formulate nursing intervention based on their identification of the diagnosis. A candidate is also obliged to consult with healthcare professional on patients to coordinate the diagnosis, to promote harmonious environment, and to initiate treatments and medications based on appropriate utilization of standing orders. Additionally, the candidate must b e able to operate specialized equipment and maintain professional knowledge through updating himself or herself by continuing learning. A candidate must also be able to perform other related duties related to the nursing profession. In other words, the candidate applying for this job must be ready to work industriously with other people. He or she must also be ready to continue learning so as to gather new technological

Reconstruction as Argued Upon by Booker T. Washington Essay

Reconstruction as Argued Upon by Booker T. Washington - Essay Example According to Washington, reconstruction had a serious challenge in its attempt to establish freedom. In the modern era, the procedures of putting an end to war involved a simple method whereby representatives from the warring parties would sit together in a round table and discuss measures to take in order to achieve peace. This depended on things like intensity and duration of war and reasons for fighting thereby, settlements regarding peace would range form harsh to generous. In case of a harsh resolution, the assumption was that these parties would again meet in the battlefield. Regarding America’s civil war, resolution of such kind were impossible as people regarded the warring parties that is, the Union and the Confederacy as unequal. This is because Unions accused Confederacy of their right to exist as a separate nation (57). Having ended the Confederacy’s political independence claim, the Unions perceived that, no any other party that they could negotiate with an ything regarding peace. Therefore, they left it to the federal government to decide on how to treat the defeated Confederates. Washington points out that President Lincoln had proposed an end to civil war in the midst of it. Nevertheless, it worth noting that reconstruction began sometimes prior the war in 1860 when Crittenden Committee attempted to sort for comprise that would reverse the secession course. The committee proposed Constitutional amendments that guaranteed continuum of slavery in areas where it already existed. However, all these attempts were bound to bear no fruits in response to the prevailing mood in the South. Following victories in Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga, President Lincoln hoped that the Confederates would find it reasonable to join the Union if presented with generous terms. In December 1863, he presented an Amnesty and Reconstruction Proclamation stating that those states whose ten percent of their 1860 electorates would swear a loyalty oath to Union and accept to emancipation would get readmission. However, the Congress did not approve of Lincoln’s strategy and responded with a much harsher approach. As Washington puts across that, President Lincoln did not stop his idea of trying to treat the Southerners with generosity. In fact, his second Inaugural Address famously perceived for the inscription on Lincoln Memorial’s wall in Washington in which kind words without malice encouraged treatment with charity and firmness in the right. After Lee surrendered at Appomattox, he again, President Lincoln outlined his plan of generosity for reconstruction. Nonetheless, April 14, 1865 President Lincoln was shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth and died in the morning of the following day. Booth, an actor from Virginia blamed his action on egregious South’s defeat. With his assassination, hopes for a more lenient reconstruction suffered a fatal blow and brought a chilling effect on potential sympathy for the Sou th. With Lincoln dead, Vice President Andrew Johnson accessed the presidency seat according to the Constitution. Apparently, Johnson intended to carry forward generous reconstruction policies when he carried a distinct animus towards the Southern planting class who were rich. Johnson’

Community Solutions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Community Solutions - Research Paper Example According to European standards, the categories of people who have been considered as poor have been â€Å"1. the long term unemployed and the young unemployed, 2. the elderly, 3, single parent families, 4. second generation migrants, 5. refugees and returning minors, 6. marginal groups- e.g. gypsies, travellers, homeless, 7. underpriveleged urban districts, 8. impoverished rural areas† (Cullen, 5). The American definition for 2011 is that â€Å"for a family of four including two adults and two children, total yearly income has to be below $22,350, to be called poor as is given in the US Department of Health and Human Services website. While addressing the issues that the poor people face, as members of the subculture of poverty, one major concern has always been the physical eradication of poverty and its negative manifestations which lives of the poor people miserable. Community development is universally accepted as the most effective method to address poverty and its prob lems. The community development program of 1980s in Ireland was a landmark in the history of the fight against poverty (Cullen, 11). Cullen, in his study on nine poverty elimination projects implemented in Ireland, has revisited the methods and strategies followed by various organizations and agencies who participated in these projects and has concluded that â€Å"community development is a process that deliberately activates, encourages and supports groups of people to participate in collective action in pursuit of common interests, and which contributes to social justice and equity† (Cullen, 11). During the John-Nixon era, in the US, â€Å"community action programs† were abundant and quite popular (Joseph, 49). Though they set the stage for the emergence of a welfare state, they were also criticized as capable of only peripherally addressing the issues of poverty (Patterson, 146). Notwithstanding these opposing viewpoints regarding community solutions to the subcultu re of poverty, the global intellectual discourses have always seen community solutions as the most viable way out (Cullen, Joseph, FAO and Gaiha). The best available community solution to the subculture of poverty will be to set up community level revolving funds partially sponsored by the government and partially by the industrial houses of the country. To raise the funds, the government will have to introduce a special tax of 0.1% of the profit, on the corporate companies, which have a profit margin above a fixed ceiling. These funds along with a government contribution will then be transferred to the local authorities to be utilized for ensuring a minimum of 200 days’ work for all those able-bodied persons who have been listed as poor. The form of work has to be fixed at local level, by the local administration in consultation with the community leaders, and according to the local resources available and prevailing local conditions and necessities. For example, if in a pla ce having water scarcity, the work has to be provided in water conservation activities, which can contribute to the local economy in a productive way. And the newly generated water could be given back into the community at a reasonable cost. Similarly, in an area where the major vocation is agriculture, work can be provided in community-level agro-processing industries. This solution will have to involve â€Å"massive commitments of Federal funds†

Security and Economic Revival Raise Hopes in the West Bank Essay Example for Free

Security and Economic Revival Raise Hopes in the West Bank Essay The New York Times article â€Å"Security and Economic Revival Raise Hopes in the West Bank† by Ethan Bonner covers the reemergence of the Palestinian-covered West Bank, specifically in the city of Nablus, after a series of bloody uprisings and encounters between extremists and Israeli forces. The Palestinian authority has been longing for control over their territories, and it has experienced its first sense of security and economic stability since the second Palestinian uprising broke out in 2000. It seems that the economy has stabilized so far as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected a seven percent growth rate for the year 2009. A few infrastructure projects have also started as rebuilding and revitalization of the West Bank area continued. A movie theater has opened and a seven-story furnishing store has started operation recently which proves that the West Banks economic and security status has been stabilizing. Just two weeks ago, Israeli checkpoints have started to shut down and troops are gradually being pulled out from the area which are a part of the Israels promise to aid the Palestinian authority. However, doubts have been raised against this promise as Israel has not permitted Paltel, the Palestinian cellphone company, to construct network towers (Bronner, 2009). By far, peace and order has been evident within the West Bank. The two camps—Israel and Palestine—have been working together in order to stabilize the economy of the area which is seen as a vital aspect for the areas growth. Security has also been a matter most attended to by both camps since it also helps ensure a steady economic growth. If both the economy and the security will be stabilized in the area, there will be enough reason to believe that the Palestinians will be capable enough to handle the problems within their areas. Since Israeli troops are gradually being pulled out, it goes to show that trust is slowly being reestablished between the Israeli government and the Palestinian authority, which is a good sign for both sides future relations. So far, the Palestinian communities—specifically Nablus, West Bank—has experienced a steady growth and a revitalized sense of security. As known in previous years, the conflict between Israeli forces and extremists has greatly hindered economic and political growth within Palestinian territories, especially in the West Bank area. The traumas of conflict may have not been permanently erased, but there is still hope for the Palestinian communities in the future as the West Bank experiences stability within its local economy. Furthermore, the Palestinian authority has been present in order to address the local concerns of the area, attending mostly to the areas security. It may take years before the economy has completely stabilized and the security has been fully established, but as of now, the area has shown great signs of improvement as compared to previous years. People have felt more secure, buildings are being established and reestablished, and stores are being opened and reopened. Communities are starting to experiencing growth again. References Bronner, E. (2009, July 16). Security and Economic Revival Raise Hopes in the West Bank. The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2009, from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/07/17/world/middleeast/17westbank. html? ref=world.

Bangladesh :: essays research papers

The area know as Bangladesh was a political backwater instead of being involve in any of India political or military events the area which is call Bangladesh now just sat back and watch. Bengal which is what Bangladesh use to be call historians believe that Dravidian speaking people move in the area around 1000 B.C. and they were give the name Bang. This Home land had various names which reflected tribal names like Vanga, Banga, Bangala, Bangal, and Bengal. The first great empire that spread over Bangladesh was the Mauryan Empire, and the ruler was Asoka westeren parts of Bengal achieved some importance during Mauryan period. Buddhism was brought to Bengal by Asoka son when he took over. When Mauryan Period was over in eastern Bengal it became know as the kingdom of Samatata; although politically independent, it was a tributary state of the Indian Gupta Empire. The third great empire was Harsha Empire which drew Samatata into loosely administered political structure. The disunity in this empire allowed a Buddhist chief name Gopala to seize power over Bengal, and he started the first pala dynasty. Him and his succersors provide Bengal with there first stable government. Islamization of Bengal, 1202-1757   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Turkish took over Bengal in the early thirteen century. The take over was a long thought out process that began in Afghanistan with military forays Mahmud of ghazni. Bengal had loosely associated with Delhi Sultanate which was established in 1206. In 1341 they became independent from delhi, and Dhaka and established there independent governors of independent Bengal. The turks ruled for about seven dedcades before the conquest of Dhaka by forces of the Mughal Emperor Akbar the great. Bengal was under Mughal until the decline in the early eighteenth century. Under Mughal power Bengal was one of the richest empires of there time, and also a lot of things were created like there first calendar and also they started collected money on people house, and also there land. The British had a lot influence on there economic in the twentieth century. The country was drained from keeping up Mughals army, and he really did not do anything to help out the people of the count ry because over 40,000 slaves were caught by pirates and use as slaves. The locals had to force him to appoint powerful generals as governors. Although they were not protected well they manage to keep up there Agricultue expanded trade was still encourage, and Dhaka became one of the best textile trade.

Latino Operation and Diversity

In recent years The U.S. society’s idealized image is diminishing.   In the United States the process of labeling the group of individuals affects the meaning of citizenship. Oboler discovers the history of â€Å"Hispanics† and explains the meaning of ethnicity that contributes in forming people’s lives and identities. Oboler has conducted many interviews with the different groups known as â€Å"Hispanics† and noted down many social values of this group. By illustrating it Oboler further says that a Mexican has different historical relationship with the U.S. and different cultural background like Brazilian descent. â€Å"Hispanics† also contain different meanings and social values, which matches to their social position, gender and also their social values following their country of origin.  Without social planning Latinos union can never be a reality. There are many issues that hamper the ethnic emergence. The cultural ground is very isolated. The actions of the states are very contradictory to give any hope to the emergence of the new Latino ethnicity.  In the paper we will argue that Latin American Groups in this country require a lots of research that aspires to educate them about their culture, which is vibrant. There is a requirement that Latin Americans should know about their literature as there is no place of rich Hispanic literature in U.S. educational system. In the U.S. this disparity, based on cultural differences, is exaggerated by the cultural loss. In this society the Latinos has to compete the new settings. The U.S. is a very big country and the different socio-cultural groups and individuals survive under the condition of competitions. The adaptation of these multi-cultural socio groups varies from the residential separations of Mexicans who are living in the parts of the Southwest to the Blacks and Cubans in South Florida (B.E. Aguirre and Rogelio Saenz).  The Latino identity is affected by the geographic distribution also. The Cuban population has great diversity. Similarly, the ethnic identity in Mexicans is really exciting. They have many ethnic labels like â€Å"Mexican American†, â€Å"Chicanos†, and â€Å"Mexican†. In fact Mexican originated people who use the label â€Å"Hispanics† are criticized to get more general ethnic identity (B.E. Aguirre and Rogelio Saenz). Actually, Latinos should be educated about the categories created by the other ethnic groups. There is the need of creating a realistic appreciation among the Latinos so they can get involved with the different cultural groups.  It is very difficult to establish a Latino identity in different Latino ethnic groups. Latinos general movement prefers Latinism and it generates the specific movement organization. It’s important part will be to establish a school to train the members of this group about Latino activities (B.E. Aguirre and Rogelio Saenz). It has been observed that big societal forces play important role in a student’s learning and that happens within a particular ethnic and racial community. A teacher’s expectation is also different from different race student. So the different level of teaching is also adopted for various ethnic groups. If we compare the White and Asian students to Africans and Latinos, then we will find that Latinos and Africans are positioned in lower academic tracks (Jerome E Morris et all).  Ogbu has developed a cultural ecological model where he explains why the schools are failure. He encourages the ethnic groups to enter the dominant society by making group entry. Here he includes immigrant minorities such as African immigrants, Asian Americans and immigrants from the Caribbean and also Native Americans. Now it is there in the news that many of Hispanics are living in jails instead of going schools. This number of Hispanics in jails increased in 1980s. in 2006 it was 90 percent that is less in comparison to 94 percent in 1980s. References: More blacks, Latinos in jail than college dorms, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21001543/ Morris, Jerome E, Ethnicity Race and Culture – Latino Growth, Racial And Ethnic Minority Students In Higher Education – CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS AND STUDENT LEARNING, Oboler, Suzanne, Ethnic Lebels, Latino Lives, Identity and the Politics of (Re)Presentation in the United States, University of Minnesota press,

Drown

The story â€Å"Drown† sets in the summer time in New Jersey. Diaz and his friend Beto are raging, out of control, in their neighborhood known as the ghetto. They† stole, broke windows†¦ pissed on peoples steps and then challenged them to come out and stop us. † While Diaz has another year of high school, Beto for college on the other hand is leaving for college at the end of the summer. Diaz has several recurring feelings such as, suffocation, problems defining his masculinity, and being trapped, problem is that Diaz would rather stay trapped in the Ghetto if it means not turning out like Beto.Why does Diaz use the metaphor drown? Why does Diaz struggle with masculinity? Does Diaz want to come up for air or continue to suffocate? In â€Å"Drown† the setting plays a key role in the story. Diaz described his neighborhood as, † The broken apart buildings, little strips of grass, the piles of garbage around the cans, and the dump†(Drown 91). Th e neighborhood where Diaz live shapes his life, so it plays an important role in the story. Most of Diaz anxiety is caused by the fact that he cannot leave his neighborhood, because he fears the outcome once in the outside world. Another setting that is important is the pool.The pool is described in a way that is similar to the neighborhood where Diaz live, † The water feels good†¦ while everything above me is loud and bright, everything below is whispers†¦ † this particular quote coincides with the fact that Diaz is trapped, but he'd rather stay below than come up and see the outcome of him leaving for the outside world like Beto. The metaphor suffocation occurs throughout the story and ties to the story title itself. In this story Diaz shows it more at the pool scene, it seem as Diaz move through the story, but something always draws him back to the pool where most of his drowning occur.This particular metaphor is used in several parts of the story, for insta nce, Diaz is suffocating where he lives because of all the poverty, misery, and drugs. Another way the author uses this metaphor is when he talks about how his mother keeps all the windows and doors locked, † Before we head out she drags us through the apartment to make sure the windows are locked†¦ we never open the windows†¦ this place just isn't safe†¦ â€Å"(Drown 96), this quote gives the notion that maybe his mother is also suffocating him by keeping all the windows closed at all times trapping the hot air which can also make Diaz think he is suffocating.Masculinity is something that Diaz struggle with more than anything in this story. In the start Beto and Diaz are both confused about their masculinity, but Beto in a different way because he's really a homosexual. In Diaz neighborhood homosexuality is viewed very negatively. On page 103 in the story, Diaz talks about how his friend Alex will stop by the side of the rode and say, Excuse me. When somebody comes over he'll point his pistol in their face just to see what they'll do, they also call the homosexuals patos throughout the story.Once Diaz have several sexual encounters with Beto, that's when Diaz starts to question his masculinity. Diaz states, † Mostly i stayed in the basement terrified that i would end up abnormal, a fucking pato†(Drown 104). It is obvious that Beto questioning of their masculinity is not so much like Diaz anymore, because Beto excepts the fact that he is a homosexual by going to college, while Diaz on the other hand is still trapped and confused with his masculinity. Diaz is maybe afraid to leave for the outside world because that would mean he's excepting that he is also a homosexual like Beto.In the story Diaz doesn't say it exactly that he wants to do the complete opposite of whatever Beto do, but he gives the reader that feeling. It is possible that Diaz can be satisfied with drowning in his neighborhood, because on page 100 the army recru iter offers Diaz a chance to escape his drowning, but Diaz refuses to come up for air. The author pathos, logos, and ethos plays a role in the story also. Diaz uses some symbols such as the pool and specific words to express himself in a way that makes the story feel more, drawing the reader into his world and his observation from first person point of view.Throughout the author Junot Diaz moves in and out of his character quotes, which is a good thing because it gives the author a credibility and it communicates that their statements are more than just facts, they're a piece of Diaz memory of a feeling or a specific time. However the only way possible for Diaz to discontinue his suffocation and drowning is by joining the Army, but Diaz is still against and unwilling to come up for air, but uses the fact that he helps his mother as an excuse for not leaving his neighborhood and coming up for air.

Complete Parts of Speech for SAT Writing and ACT English

Complete Parts of Speech for SAT Writing and ACT English SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips â€Å"Parts of speech† is a fancy way of saying that every word in the English language can be put into one of eight categories, depending on how it is used. Of these eight parts of speech, only 7 are tested on the Writing SAT and on ACT English. Understanding the different parts of speech is absolutely essential to having a firm grasp of English grammar, and in succeeding on the SAT and ACT. Unfortunately, nowadays many schools no longer focus on teaching this type of grammar. Are you a bit unsure about what, exactly, a preposition is, or can’t tell the difference between an adjective and adverb? Feeling a bit rusty after learning this years ago?This article will provide the foundational information you need before moving on to more complex grammatical concepts.I'll also go over a few important SAT/ACT grammar rules. How Should You Use This Guide? This guide is designed to help you brush up on the basics before you tackle some of the more complicated grammar guides that we have written for the SAT and ACT. Many of the concepts covered here are things you'll already know if you've studied grammar in school. Even if you haven't, many (but not necessarily all) of them will seem natural to native English speakers. However, if you haven't studied grammar extensively, you can use this as a reference to help understand the basic ideas that our other guides will not cover. Check back here if you come across some terms you're unfamiliar with, or if you need to remind yourself of what something means. Many of the concepts in this guide are not directly tested on the ACT and SAT.Instead, these concepts are building blocks that are important for understanding thewhy? behind the concepts that are tested. Therefore,do not worry about memorizing the names of the grammar terms in this guide, just use the concepts. What Parts of Speech Are on SAT Writing and ACT English? The seven parts of speech that are tested on the SAT and ACT are: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions. Once you understand the different rules for each Part of Speech, you will see that these are relatively straightforward concepts, and they can be used to help you understand more difficult concepts. Nouns Nouns are words that arepeople, places, things,orideas. If you are not sure if something is a noun or not, try putting "a" or "the" in front of it and see if it sounds correct. If it does, then it's probably a noun. Examples "A cat" and "the cat" sound correct. Therefore, "cat" is a noun. "A him" and "the him" sound incorrect. Therefore, "him" is not a noun. Categories of Nouns Common Nounsrefer to non-specific people, places, or things. Proper Nouns refer to specific people, places, or things. Examples Common nouns: girl, city, bridge, university, company Proper Nouns: Mary, San Francisco, Golden Gate Bridge, University of Notre Dame, PrepScholar Concrete Nounsare people, places, or things that you can physically touch. Abstract Nounsare thoughts, subjects, games, or ideals. These are things, but they cannot be touched. Love is an abstract noun. Examples Concrete nouns: water, air, street, person, concrete Abstract nouns: freedom, love, justice, hockey, biology Uses of Nouns Nouns have several possible functions in a sentence. They can be used as the subject, predicate nominative, appositive, direct object, indirect object, or object of the preposition. There are other uses for nouns, but we won't go into them now. Note:Remember that it is not important that you know the names of these functions. But it is important to understand how nouns can be used, so you can recognize when one is being used incorrectly. Subject The subject of the sentence is the person or thing that is doing the action of the verb. Example Mary went to the store. Maryis the subject of the sentence because she is doing the action. Predicate Nominative A predicate nominative comes after a linking verb (see the verb section for more info) and re-states the subject of the sentence. Example Mary is a great friend. Maryis the subject.Friendis the predicate nominative. In this sentence, Mary and friend are the same thing, or Mary = friend. Appositive An appositive is a noun that re-states or gives more information about another noun in a sentence. Unlike a predicate nominative, it does not come after a linking verb. Instead, it's usually right next to the noun it's describing, and is set off by commas. Because appositives are set off by commas from the rest of the sentence, it usually works to remove the appositive and still have a grammatically correct sentence. Example My friend, Mary, is an exceptional human being. Here, Mary is an appositive because it gives more information about who the friend is. If you remove the appositive the sentence still makes sense: My friend is an exceptional human being. Direct Object A Direct Object is a noun that receives the action of a transitive verb (more on these here) Example I got a perfectscoreon the SAT. Ask yourself: I got what? Got ascore. Therefore,score is the direct object. Indirect Object An Indirect Object is a noun that receives the Direct Object. Being the indirect object of brownies is always a good thing. Example I madeKim some brownies. Ask yourself: I made what?Brownies.Therefore,brownies is the direct object. Who received the brownies?Kim. Therefore,Kim is the indirect object. Object of a Preposition All prepositional phrases consist of at least a preposition (see below) and a noun. The noun that comes after a preposition is called the object of the preposition. Example I got a perfect score on the SAT. Here, the preposition ison.On what? On theSAT.Therefore,SAT is the object of the prepositionon. Forming the Plural of Nouns This is another concept that is not directly tested on the SAT and ACT, but occasionally you will need to recognize if a noun is singular or plural in order to match it with the correct verb. Most nouns form the plural by adding-s. Examples cat +-s= cats donkey +-s= donkeys Add-esif the noun ends in -s, -x, -z, -sh, or -ch. This is simply because of pronunciation - it's really difficult to make these sounds followed by "-s" Examples fox +-es= foxes buzz +-es= buzzes brunch +-es= brunches If the last two letters of a noun are a consonant followed by -y, drop the -y and add-ies Examples pony→ ponies fly→ flies Some nouns that end in -f or -fe form the plural by dropping the -f/-fe and adding -ves. Once again, this is all about ease of pronunciation, as it's really difficult to make the -fs sound at the end of a word. Examples leaf→ leaves life→ lives Some nouns form the plural irregularly. Unfortunately, there are no rules for how to form these, and you just have to memorize these words. Fortunately, most of these words are quite common and you should know most of them already. Examples mouse→ mice child→children man→men goose→geese foot→feet Some wordsdon't change at all in the plural. Examples deer→deer fish→fish sheep→sheep NOTE: NEVER FORM THE PLURAL BY ADDING -'S (apostrope +s).This should only be used for showing possession. The people of Leeds are appropriately passionate about misused apostrophes. Forming the Possessive of Nouns The possessive is how we showownership. To form the possessive of a singular noun, always add -'s. Examples Bob's,mouse's, donkey's To form the possessive of a plural noun that ends in -s, just add an apostrophe. Examples purses', monkeys', dogs' To form the possesive of a plural noun that is irregular and does NOT end in -s, add-'s. Examples children's, women's, mice's Special Types of Nouns Are you a grammar pro? If you already knew all of the above about nouns, here are a few special categories of noun you may have been unaware of! Gerunds The-ing form of a verb can be used as a verb as long as it has a helping verb. But did you know that if it's standing on its own, it's called agerundand is used as a noun? Example Baking is a pleasurable hobby. Here,bakingis a noun and is the subject of the sentence. Infinitive as a Noun Similarly, the infinitive form (the "to" form) can be used as a noun. Example He likesto run. Here, "to run" is the direct object of the verb "likes". Therefore, it is being used as a noun. This man loves to run...for president. Pronouns Pronouns are words that can replace nouns. Unlike nouns, pronouns have different cases. What Is a Case? This means that the form the pronoun takes can change depending on what purpose it has in the sentence. Above, we saw that nouns can be used either as a subject/nominative, or as several different types of objects.Personal pronounshave one form when they are used as a subject or predicate nominative, and another form when used in any of the object functions (direct object, indirect object, or object of preposition). NOTE: This actuallyis tested on the ACT! Personal Pronouns Nominative case (subject) Singular Plural First Person I We Second Person You You Third Person He, She, It They Objective case Singular Plural First Person Me Us Second Person You You Third Person Him, Her, It Them What Do These Charts Mean? The nominative case forms should ONLY be used when the personal pronoun is being used as the subject of a clause or as the predicate nominative. (Don't remember what these are? Check out the Noun section above!) Examples She and I went to the store. Michael and he are my best friends. Many people would say â€Å"Michael and him†, but this is incorrect because â€Å"he† is a subject of the clause and therefore must be in the nominative case. When you are not sure, try crossing out the other subject. You would never say, â€Å"Him is my best friend.† Example The winner of the race was he. This construction does not sound correct to most people, but it is. Try flipping the sentence around: He was the winner of the race. This is an example of a personal pronoun being used as aspredicate nominative. The objective case of pronouns should be used for direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. Examples He gave her and me great presents. He gave us a great present. The presentation will be given by Tom and me. She loves him.I don’t like you. For more on how to use pronouns in different cases, see our guide. Non-Personal Pronouns These include but are not limited to: this, that, both, some, few, many, either, which, who, and one. These pronouns do not change form between the nominative case and the objective case. Some people do not think that these pronouns look correct standing on their own, but they are. Examples I have two dogs. Both are very lucky. This rose is beautiful. This is my favorite flower. Many people went to search for the treasure. Only some returned. These pronouns can be tricky to use with verbs because it is not very obvious whether they are singular or plural.A good way to figure this out is to try to add the word â€Å"one† after the pronoun. Does it make sense? If so, use a singular verb. Examples This (one) is my favorite. CORRECT That (one) is my sister. CORRECT Few (one) succeeds. INCORRECT If adding â€Å"one† does not work, mentally add â€Å"of them†. If this makes sense, use the plural verb. Examples Many (of them) try to get a perfect SAT score. (CORRECT) Few (of them) succeed. (CORRECT) Exception: The pronoun "one" is always singular, even though "one of them" sounds correct. Always use a singular verb. Forming the Possessive of Pronouns The possessive forms of the personal pronouns are: Singular Plural First Person mine ours Second Person yours yours Third Person his, hers, its theirs Because these are pronouns (not adjectives), they can be used independently. Examples Hers is the chocolate dessert. That report card is yours. Theirs beat out ours. Main Rules for Pronouns on the SAT and ACT The SAT and ACT both frequently test pronouns. Here is a brief summary of what you are most likely to see tested. For more detail, see our article on pronouns on the ACT English and SAT Writing. Rule 1 Always make sure a pronoun has a clear antecedent. The antecedent is the noun that the pronoun is replacing. If there is not an obvious antecedent for the pronoun either in the same sentence, or a sentence very nearby,it is considered an error. Example Mary and Eileen both like strawberries, but she likes them more. This would be considered incorrect because it is not clear who "she" is referring to. Sometimes the antecedent will be in a previous sentence. In this case, it should also be very clear. Example John Wallach, an award-winning journalist who covered conflicts in the Middle East for two decades, founded Seeds of Peace in 1993. He chose the campsite because it is a beautiful natural setting far from the places of conflict. It remains unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or peace group, and although countries may select their campers, they cannot pay for the camp. Here it appears that â€Å"it† refers to â€Å"campsite† in the previous sentence - really it should refer to â€Å"Seeds of Peace† in the first sentence. This would be considered an unclear and incorrect use of a pronoun. Rule 2 Pronouns should always be consistent. For example, if you are using second person pronouns in a sentence, you should use them all the way through the sentence. Examples Before one starts a new class, you should always read the syllabus. INCORRECT Before you start a new class, you should always read the syllabus. CORRECT Before one starts a new class, one should always read the syllabus. CORRECT Before people start a new class, they should always read the syllabus. CORRECT Rule 3 Pronouns should alwaysmatch their antecedents in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural). For more examples of this rule, see our guide. Examples The boys all asked her out, but she didn’t like him. INCORRECT They boys all asked her out, but she didn’t like them. CORRECT One of the children painted this portrait. Art is a great talent of theirs. INCORRECT One of the children painted this portrait. Art is a great talent of his or hers. CORRECT Each of the actresses was considered most beautiful when they were in their prime. INCORRECT Each of the actresses was considered most beautiful when she was in her prime. CORRECT Verbs Verbs are words that show actions or states of being. For a more complete guide on how to use verbs on the SAT and ACT, read our grammar guide. Types of Verbs Linking verbs are verbs that show a relationship between the subject and the predicate nominative or predicate adjective. We can think of them as an equals sign. The most common linking verb is the verb â€Å"to be.† Examples I am a human being. I = human being The cake smells delicious. cake = delicious Action verbs are verbs that show an action. Many (but not all) of these verbs will take direct objects. A verb that takes a direct object is called a transitive verb; a verb that does not is called intransitive. Remember, you do not need to know these terms for the test. Examples The car rolled backwards. (No direct object) I ate wonderful toast. (I ate what? I atetoast.Toast is the direct object.) Conjugating Verbs Most verbs follow a simple pattern in the present tense: Present tense Singular Plural First Person (I) walk (we) walk Second Person (you) walk (you) walk Third Person (he/she/it) walks (they) walk Notice that only the third person plural (he/she/it) is different.This will become very important on the ACT and SAT because of†¦ Subject-Verb Agreement When you have a singular noun or pronoun as the subject of a clause, it must be matched by a singular verb. When you have a plural noun as the subject of a clause, it must be matched with a plural verb. While subject-verb agreement seems simple in theory, the SAT and ACT will try to trick you on this by adding extra words and phrases to sentences. This can make it more difficult to see if the verb works with the subject, as opposed to another noun in the sentence. Examples My sister, despite having to carry three children, walk five miles every day. The test will try to trick you with questions like this by putting a plural noun that is NOT the subject next to a plural verb.To avoid falling for this, find the verb, and then ask yourself, â€Å"who is doing this action?† In this case, who is walking five miles? It is my sister, which is a singular noun. Therefore the sentence should read, â€Å"My sister, despite having to carry three children, walks five miles every day. Maria and Joe likes to dance. Here you have two subjects: Maria and Joe. Therefore you need the plural form of the verb. Correct: Maria and Joe like to dance. Verb Tense Tense tells when the action of a verb is taking place. The present tenses tell about things that are happening now: Present no helping verb he sings Present Perfect to have + past participle he has sung Present Progressive to be + present participle he is singing The past tenses express actions that have already happened. Past no helping verb he sang Past Perfect had + past participle he had sung Past Progressive to be + present participle he was singing The future tenses express actions that are going to happen. Future will or shall + verb he will sing Future Perfect will have + past participle he will have sung Future Progressive will + be + present participle he will be singing You should always try to keep tenses consistent in one sentence. This is something the SAT and ACT will frequently test. Example After Mary had eaten the soup, she eats the main course. This sentence matches past perfect with present, and therefore would be considered incorrect. Instead try: After Mary had eaten the soup, she ate the main course. This matches past perfect with past, which is ok for showing progression of time within a sentence. Example The olive oils we tasted yesterday are delicious. This sentence mixespast tense (tasted) with present tense (are). This would be consideredincorrect. The better way would be: The olive oils we tasted yesterday were delicious. Adjectives What Are Adjectives? Adjectives are descriptive words that modify nouns and pronouns. Types of Adjectives Like nouns, adjectives can be common or proper.Some common adjectives include beautiful, short, angry, obese.Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns. Like proper nouns, they must be capitalized. Examples I like Mexican food. He plays the French horn. Possessive Adjectives These adjectives are formed from the personal pronouns and are used to describe objects that belong to a certain person. Personal Pronoun Possessive Adjective Personal Pronoun Possessive Adjective I/me my we our you your you your he/she/it his/her/its they their Unlike the possessive pronouns discussed above, these possessive adjectives must be used with a noun. Examples That car is mine. vs. That is my car. Running is a great skill of his. vs. Running is his great skill. Ours constantly leaks. vs. Our faucet constantly leaks. Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative adjectives include this, that, these and those.When these words are used as adjectives instead of pronouns, they must be modifying a noun. Examples That is the person I hate. vs. I hate that person. These are my best friends. vs. My best friends are these people. Adjectives Formed From Verbs Adjectives that are formed from verbs are calledparticiples. The present participle is formed by adding -ing to a verb stem.The past participle is formed by adding -ed to a verb stem. Examples The burned chicken did not taste very good. The chirping birds woke him up. Adjectives Formed from Nouns Sometimes you will see a noun being used as an adjective: Example The basketball player is tall. Normally, basketball is a noun. But here it is being used as an adjective to tell you what kind of player the person is.You will occasionally see this on the SAT or ACT, usually to describe a person by his or her profession. Remember that when a noun is being used as an adjective, there is no need to put a comma in between it and the noun it is describing. Examples The basketball, player is tall. INCORRECT The basketball player is tall. CORRECT Uses of Adjectives Adjectives are usually used to describe nouns, and are usually placed before the noun they describe. Example The beautiful girl walked down the street. If more than one adjective precedes a noun, they should be separated by a comma if the order of the adjectives is not important. Example The slobbering, feisty dog wagged his tail. The feisty, slobbering dog wagged his tail. If you have a sentence in which the order of the adjectives IS important - meaning if you reversed them, the sentence would not make as much sense - then do not use a comma. Examples She went to the store to purchase spreadable chocolate frosting. CORRECT She went to purchase chocolate, spreadable frosting. INCORRECT - ORDER MATTERS Do not sit in the broken wood chair. CORRECT Do not sit in the wood, broken chair. INCORRECT - ORDER MATTERS Adjectives are also used as predicate adjectives.Like predicate nominatives, this means they come after a linking verb and they describe the subject of the sentence. Examples The cake smells delicious. Delicious describes cake. That runner is very fast. Fast describes runner. Adverbs What Are Adverbs? Adverbs are words that describe or modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Note: Use of adverbs vs. use of adjectives is tested on the SAT and ACT.Therefore, it's important to be able to understand what the adverb or adjective is modifying, to make sure that it is being used correctly. Examples He ran quickly down the street. Quickly describes how he ran. (Adverb describing verb) She was very happy with the present. Very describes how happy the girl was. (Adverb describing adjective) Stop talking so loudly! So describes how loudly the person is talking. (Adverb describing adverb) How Are Adverbs Formed? Many adverbs are simply formed by adding the ending -ly to an adjective Examples careful → carefully easy → easily quiet → quietly However, some adverbs are formed irregularly: Adjective Adverb good well fast fast hard hard late late early early daily daily straight straight wrong wrong OR wrongly Example The good girl drives very well. Good is an adjective describing the noun girl; well is an adverb describing the verb drives. This is one of the most commonly confused adverbs, so make sure to memorize it. Remember if you see good in a sentence, it must be describing a noun, not a verb. Examples I did good on the test. = INCORRECT I did well on the test = CORRECT I daily receive a daily newspaper. The daily Daily. Of course, nobody would really speak this way because it’s redundant. But it shows that daily can be an adverb describing the verb receive, and also an adjective describing the noun newspaper. Example He woke up late and then had to take a hard test. Late is an adverb describing the verb woke up; hard is an adjective describing the noun test. Example The late boy worked hard on the test. Late is an adjective describing the noun boy; hard is an adverb describing the verb worked. Challenge question: what is the error in this sentence? Because our casserole was smelling surprisingly badly as it baked, the food science teacher A came over to ask us what we had put in it. No error. B C D E The answer is (A). Why? This could be confusing because â€Å"badly† is a correctly formed adverb. However, we don’t need an adverb, we need an adjective. â€Å"was smelling† is here used as a linking verb, and therefore we need a predicate adjective to tell us what it smelled like. â€Å"Surprisingly† is ok as it is because it is an adverb that should be modifying an adjective. Here is how it would look when corrected: â€Å"Because our casserole was smelling surprisingly bad as it baked†¦..† If left as is, badly would have to be describing â€Å"was smelling†, which would imply that the casserole has a poor sense of smell. Prepositions What Are Prepositions? Prepositions are words that show where someone or something is, or tells when something is happening. They can also be used to show a few other relationships, such as to whom you give something, or if you do something with or without something else. Common Prepositions Here are some of the most common prepositions in the English language: about above across after against along amid among around at atop before behind below beneath beside between beyond but (meaning except) by concerning down during except for from in inside into like near of off on onto out outside over past regarding since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase is a phrase (group of words) that includes AT LEAST a preposition and a noun or pronoun, which is known as the object of the preposition. It is not important to know this terminology, but this is an important concept to understand. When using a pronoun as part of a prepositional phrase, make sure that it is in the objective case. Examples Give the cake to me! CORRECT Give the cake to I! INCORRECT Usually this kind of mistake will sound incorrect to native English speakers - hopefully the above example did. But some are trickier, usually those involving I vs. me as part of a compound object. Examples He went to the mall with Sarah and I. INCORRECT He went to the mall with Sarah and me. CORRECT The report was given by him and I. INCORRECT The report was given by him and me. CORRECT If you're having problems, try taking out the other part of the compound object. This can help make the correct form of the pronoun more obvious. Example He went to the mall with Sarah and me. CORRECT Often the SAT and ACT will add unnecessary prepositional phrases to sentences to try to make errors less obvious. Feel free to cross out prepositional phrases in order to make sentences easier to analyze. Here is an example SAT question. Identify the error in this sentence: Anne Tyler’s novel The Accidental Tourist features a character whose obsession with saving A B C time and money are absurd, yet somehow plausible. No error. D E Now look with a prepositional phrase crossed out: Anne Tyler’s novel The Accidental Tourist features a character whose obsession with saving A B C time and money are absurd, yet somehow plausible. No error. D E After crossing out the prepositional phrase, it becomes much more obvious that â€Å"obsession are absurd† is incorrect. Prepositions in Idioms Many prepositions have to be used in a certain way with certain phrases. This is not because one preposition is grammatically more correct, but because certain phrases in English are idiomatically correct because they have always been said a certain way. For example, we would say: â€Å"She fell in love with him.† We would never say, â€Å"She fell towards love at him.† We would say, â€Å"He is hard at work.† We would never say, â€Å"He is hard in work† with the same meaning in mind. For a full breakdown of the how the SAT uses idioms, see this guide. Conjunctions What are Conjunctions? Conjunctions are words that link ideas together. There are three main types of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinate, and correlative. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions are probably the conjunctions that you are most familiar with. There are seven: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. You can remember these with the acronym FANBOYS: F for A and N nor B but O or Y yet S so Coordinating conjunctions can be used to join similar words, phrases, or clauses. The most commonly used conjunction is â€Å"and." Examples Joining words: John and Kim went to the store. Joining phrases: The mouse ran out the door and through the garden. Joining clauses: The mouse ran out the door, and I followed it. Joining clauses: I love him, but he hates me. A different kind of fanboys (and girl) Coordinating conjunctions can also be used to join two independent clauses. An independent clause is something that can stand on its own as a sentence. Example subject+verb +CONJ + subject+ verb The professor paced, but the student sat quietly. â€Å"The professor paced† and â€Å"The student sat quietly† could both be independent sentences. Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctionsare used tojoin a dependent clause to an independent clause.Anindependent clauseis a clause that can stand on its own as a sentence - it expresses a complete thought. Asubordinate clauseis a clause that cannot be a sentence on its own. Usually, asubordinate clausewill describe either thebackground circimstancesof the independent clause or willgive more detailabout one part of the independent clause. There are a lot of subordinate conjunctions, but some of the more common ones include: after although because even though if once since though unless until when whenever where wherever while You can use the following structures to form sentences with dependent and independent clauses: (subordinating conjunction + dependent clause) , (independent clause). Example Since she loved chocolate, she ate the whole box of candy. (independent clause) + (subordinating conjunction + dependent clause). Example She ate the whole box of candy because she loves chocolate. Sometimes, a subordinate conjunction and dependent clause can come in between parts of the independent clause. Example Sonja, because she loves chocolate, eats it every chance she gets. Correlative Conjunctions These are very similar to coordinating conjunctions, but they must always be used in pairs.These pairs are worth memorizing because occasionally the SAT and ACT will test these to see if you know which words belong together. both...and either...or neither†¦nor not only...but also whether...or Examples Both my sister and I went to the park. Do you either want to go dancing or go to the gym? The soup contains neither onions nor garlic. Best Overall Tip for Conjunctions The SAT and ACT like to test parallel structure in sentences. When two or more things are linked by a conjunction, remember that they should have the same general structure. For more information on parallel structure and how it is tested, see this post. Examples Mike likes biking and to swim. INCORRECT Mike likes biking and swimming. CORRECT Mike likes to bike and to swim. CORRECT She searched outside and under the stairs. INCORRECT She searched outside the house and under the stairs. CORRECT What’s Next? You’ve refreshed the basics of grammar, so now it’s time to dive into the harder concepts: See this guide for all the other grammar rules tested on the ACTand on the SAT. Want to know what you are up against? Here is exactly what you will find on the Writing SAT and on ACT English. Want some pointers as you study? Check out 8 key strategies for doing well on SAT Writing, and 5 critical concepts you need to master for ACT English. Aiming high? Read our famous guides for a perfect 800 on SAT Writing and a 36 on ACT English. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: